Actors of the Civil War in Turkmenistan: the truth and fiction about Junaid Khan
https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-1-65-74
EDN: JGNTQM
Abstract
The article describes about little-known pages in the life of one of the key military and political leaders of the Civil War in Turkmenistan, Junaid Khan — Kurbanmamed serdar (1862–1938). The historiography of the issue is criticized. Based on unpublished sources from the founds of state and departmental archives, the details of the biography of this figure related to his participation in the fratricidal confrontation are clarified. The theoretical basis of the study is a combination of military anthropology, problematic and comparative historical methods. Summing up, the author assesses the personality of Junaid Khan against the backdrop of the controversial era in which this military and political figure lived.
About the Author
D. S. AnnaorazovTurkmenistan
Annaorazov Dzhumadurdy Seitekovich, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of World History Department
Ashgabat
References
1. Annaorazov Dzh. S. Basmacheskoye dvizheniye v Turkmenistane — prodolzheniye Grazhdanskoy voyny 1918– 1920 gg. [The Basmach movement in Turkmenistan is a continuation of the Civil War of 1918–1920]. Ashgabat, 2022. 327 p. (In Russ.).
2. Germanov V. A. Militaristskiye i antivoyennyye vystupleniya, bor’ba za natsional’nuyu samoidentifikatsiyu v khode vosstaniy 1916 g. v Zakaspiyskoy oblasti Turkestanskogo kraya [Militarist and anti-war protests, the struggle for national selfidentification during the uprisings of 1916 in the Trans-Caspian region of the Turkestan region] // Vosstaniya 1916 g. v Aziatskoy Rossii: neizvestnoye ob izvestnom (K 100-letiyu Vysochayshego poveleniya 25 iyunya 1916 g.). Uprisings of 1916 in Asian Russia: the Unknown about the Known (To the 100th Anniversary of the Highest Command on June 25, 1916). Moscow, 2017. P. 125–132. (In Russ.).
3. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv sotsial’no-politicheskikh issledovaniy (RGASPI) [Russian State Archive of Socio-Political Research (RSASPR)]. File: 544/4/32. (In Russ.).
4. Esenov R. M. Dzhunaid-khan — vozhd’ turkmenskikh povstantsev [Junaid Khan — leader of the Turkmen]. URL: https://www.kitaphana.net/ (accessed: 03.06.2023). (In Russ.).
5. Jumaniyazov D. K. Narodnoye vosstaniye 1916 goda v Karakalpakstane [People’s uprising of 1916 in Karakalpakstan] // Vestnik Karakalpakskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Imeni Berdakha. The Herald of Karakalpak State University Named After Berdakh. 2016. No. 4. P. 82–85. (In Russ.).
6. Jumaniyazov D. K. Polevyye zapisi o sud’be Maksumkhana (Ubaydully Bakhauaddinova) [Field notes about the fate of Maksum khan (Ubaydulla Bakhauaddinov)] // Byulleten’ Nauki i Praktiki. Istoricheskiye Nauki. Bulletin of Science and Practice. Historical Sciences. 2016. No. 10. P. 384–386. (In Russ.).
7. Koschanov O., Durdiyeva G. Xiva xonligi turkmanlari [Turkmens of the Khiva Khanate]. Khiva, 2008. 234 p. (In Uzb.).
8. Otegenov Kh. M. Narodnyye vosstaniya 1916 goda v Khivinskom khanstve i Amudar’inskom otdele [Popular uprisings of 1916 in the Khiva Khanate and the Amudarya department]. Uzbekistan: Nukus, 2020. 53 p. (In Russ.).
9. Saifutdinova O. B. Likvidatsiya basmachestva na territorii Sredney Azii [Basmachi’s elimination in central Asia] // Uchenyye Zapiski Khudzhandskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta im. Akademika B. Gafurova. Seriya Gumanitarno-Obshchestvennykh Nauk. Scientific Notes Khujand State University Named After Academician B. Gafurov. Series of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2018. No. 4 (57). P. 23–27. EDN: YXICJV. (In Russ.).
10. Shalayev M. V. Sokrovishche Dzhunaida [Junaid’s Treasure]. Moscow, 2008. 288 p. ISBN 978-5-9533-3580-5. (In Russ.).
11. Nuryyev A. Җүneyt khan. Tүrkmen khanlary ve serdarlary [Junaid khan. Turkmen khans and sardars]. Ashgabat, 1992. P. 68–76. (In Turk.).
12. RGASPI [RSASPR]. File: 544/4/31. (In Russ.).
13. Karash han ogly Iomudskiy. Turkmeny i revolyutsiya (Desyat’ let tomu nazad v Turkmenii) [Turkmen and the revolution (Ten years ago in Turkmenistan)] // Turkmenovedeniye. Turkmen Studies. 1927. No. 1. P. 12–18. (In Russ.).
14. Abdurasulov U. Konflikt kak resurs: anatomiya «turkmenskikh besporyadkov» v Khorezme, 1914–1916 gg. [Conflict as a resource: the anatomy of the “turkmen unrest” in Khwarazm, 1914–1916] // Ab Imperio: Issledovaniya Novoy Imperskoy i Natsional’noy Istorii v Postsovetskom Prostranstve. Ab Imperio: Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space. 2018. No. 3. P. 141–186. (In Russ.).
15. Kotyukova T. V. Vosstaniye turkmen v Khivinskom khanstve v 1916 g. [Uprising of the Turkmen in the Khiva Khanate in 1916] // Voprosy Istorii. Voprosy Istorii. 2009. No. 9. P. 3–18. (In Russ.).
16. Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii (GARF) [State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF)]. File: 97/4/78. (In Russ.).
17. RGASPI [RSASPR]. File: 17/33/281. (In Russ.).
18. Abdullayev K. Ot Sin’tszyana do Khorasana. Iz istorii sredneaziatskoy emigratsii [From Xinjiang to Khorasan. From the history of Central Asian emigration]. Dushanbe, 2009. 572 p. ISBN 978-99947-55-55-4. (In Russ.).
19. Cheprunov B. V. Dzhunaid-khan [Junaid Khan]. Tashkent, 1936. 122 p. (In Russ.).
20. Sharipov Dzh. Khorezm: roman v 3 kn. [Khorezm: novel in 3 bks.] / trans. from uzbek S. Vilensky, M. Saliev. Moscow, 1979. 704 p. (In Russ.).
21. Kutiakov I. S. Krasnaya konnitsa i Vozdushnyy flot v pustynyakh [Red Cavalry and Air Fleet in the Deserts]. Moscow; Leningrad, 1930. 215 p. (In Russ.).
22. Ganin V. A. Bol’shaya igra general-mayora I. M. Zaytseva [The big game of Major General I. M. Zaitseva] // Belaya Gvardiya. White Guard. Moscow, 2005. Vol. 8. P. 193–207. EDN: XBKKXR. (In Russ.).
23. Pochekayev R. «Pod blizhayshim rukovodstvom rezidentstva...». Vremennoye pravitel’stvo, Bukharskiy emirat i Khivinskoye khanstvo [«Under the immediate guidance of the residence...» Provisional Government, Bukhara Emirate and Khanate of Khiva] // Vostok Svyshe. East Above. 2016. Vol. XL, no. 1–12. P. 70–80. (In Russ.).
24. Karpov G. I. Khivinskiye turkmeny i konets Kungradskoy dinastii [Khiva Turkmens and the end of the Kungrad dynasty]. Ashgabat, 1930. 230 p. (In Russ.).
25. Genis V. L. Butaforskaya revolyutsiya, ili rossiyskoye polpredstvo v Khive [Fake revolution, or Russian embassy in Khiva] // Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie Obshchestva: Istoriia i Sovremennost’. East. Afro-Asian Societies: History and Modernity. 2000. No. 2. P. 5–26. (In Russ.).
26. Kuzmin S. L. Mekhanizmy likvidatsiya monarkhiy v stranakh Vnutrenney Azii v pervoy polovine XX v. [Mechanisms of elimination of monarchies in the states of Inner Asia in the first half of the 20th Century] // Religiya i Obshchestvo na Vostoke. Religion and Society in the East. 2018. No. 2. P. 188–245. URL: https://www.ivran.ru/articles?artid=10291 (accessed: 06.12.2019). (In Russ.).
27. Analiticheskiy material OO GPU TurkSSR o politikoekonomicheskom sostoyanii Bakhardenskogo rayona. 25 Sentyabrya, 1931 g. [Analytical material from the NGO GPU of the TurkSSR on the political and economic state of the Bakhardensky district. September 25, 1931] // Tsentral’nyy arkhiv FSB Rossii. Central Archive of the FSB of Russia. File: 2/9/759. (In Russ.).
28. Pervyy s’yezd narodov Vostoka. Baku 1–8 sentyabrya 1920 g. [First Congress of the Peoples of the East. Baku, September 1–8, 1920]. Petrograd, 1920. 220 p. (In Russ.).
29. Zaki Validi Togon. Vospominaniye. V 2 kn. [Memory. In 2 bks.]. Ufa, 1998. Bk. II. 368 p. ISBN 5-295-01566-1. (In Russ.).
30. Tsentral’nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv politicheskikh dokumentatsiy Turkmenistana (TSGAPDT) [Central State Archive of Political Documents of Turkmenistan (CSAPDT)]. File: 1/1/1/74. (In Russ.).
31. RGASPI [RSASPR]. File: 17/33/441. (In Russ.).
32. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy voyennyy arkhiv (RGVA) [Russian State Military Archive (RSMA)]. File: 25895/1/641. (In Russ.).
33. Tsentral’nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Turkmenistana (TSGAT) [Central State Archive of Turkmenistan (CSAT)]. File: 1/6/65; 2/2/41. (In Russ.).
34. TSGAT [CSAT]. File: 1/6/75. (In Russ.).
35. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv sotsial’no-politicheskiy issledovaniy (RGASPI) [Russian State Archive for Socio-Political Research (RSASPR)]. File: 544/4/32. (In Russ.).
36. TSGAT [CSAT]. File: 2/2/75. (In Russ.).
37. TSGAT [CSAT]. File: 1/1/103. (In Russ.).
38. Borisov A. B. Pokhod konnoy gruppy 8-y kavaleriyskoy brigady v pustynyu Karakum v 1927 g. [Campaign of the cavalry group of the 8th Cavalry Brigade into the Karakum Desert in 1927]. Мoscow, 1932. 144 p. (In Russ.).
39. TSGAPDT [CSAPDT]. File: 51/16/754. (In Russ.).
40. Esenov R. Dukhovnaya oppozitsiya v Turkmenistane (1917–1935) [Spiritual opposition in Turkmenistan (1917–1935)]. Мoscow, 2002. 212 p. (In Russ.).
41. Gutliyew T. Soyuz hem Garashsyzlyk [The Union and Independence]. Ashgabat, 1992. 37 p. (In Turk.).
Review
For citations:
Annaorazov D.S. Actors of the Civil War in Turkmenistan: the truth and fiction about Junaid Khan. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2024;9(1):65-74. https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2024-9-1-65-74. EDN: JGNTQM
JATS XML
Email this article 