The article examines the role of adaptability as a key principle of effective crisis management in the context of modern economic challenges.The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical foundations and substantiate organizational adaptability in a crisis. The research highlights the key objectives: to Define the concept of "adaptability" in a crisis; to identify its significance and features in an unstable economic context; to explore the main characteristics of adaptive systems, including their structure, processes and mechanisms that contribute to a high level of adaptability to external and internal challenges; substantiate new factors and conditions that enhance organizational adaptability. The object is organizational systems operating in Russian conditions, and the subject is the phenomenon of adaptability within the framework of the anti-crisis management system.The research applies general scientific methods, including comparative analysis, modeling, logical and abstract methods, which ensured the systematic and theoretically nature of the obtained results. Authors identify new factors contributing to increased organizational adaptability, such as the introduction of new technologies, the development of an organizational culture of innovation and ensuring management flexibility.The practical value lies in the formation of mechanisms for increasing the adaptability of organizations, which contributes to the development of their anti-crisis potentials and increased sustainability. The research allows expanding the theoretical basis for understanding adaptability as a strategic resource and the basis for developing effective models of crisis management in modern conditions.