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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sohimo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Омский научный вестник. Серия "Общество. История. Современность"</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0488</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-7983</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Омский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-3-102-115</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NVDXFV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sohimo-189</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ. Позиции и А-Позиции</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHILOSOPHY. Pros and Cons</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ветвление — это не баг, а фича: тождество личности и юридическая (моральная) ответственность = Walker M. Branching Is Not a Bug; It’s a Feature: Personal Identity and Legal (and Moral) Responsibility</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Branching Is Not a Bug; It’s a Feature: Personal Identity and Legal (and Moral) Responsibility / trans. from Engl. V. A. Pilipenko</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уокер</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Walker</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Лас-Крусес</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Las Cruces</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет штата Нью-Мексико</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>New Mexico State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Уокер М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Уокер М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Walker M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ois.omgtu.ru/jour/article/view/189">https://ois.omgtu.ru/jour/article/view/189</self-uri><abstract><p>Перспективные разработки в области компьютерных и нанотехнологий дают нам основания полагать, что существует определенная вероятность появления (возможно, уже в этом столетии) технологий и устройств для создания дубликатов людей. Например, психология человека могла бы быть эмулирована с помощью компьютерной платформы для создания дубликата личности — ‘выгрузки’. Физические дубликаты могли бы быть напечатаны продвинутыми нанороботами, которым молекула за молекулой поручено создавать точные копии человеческих тел. Подобные технологические возможности часто обсуждаются в философской литературе под видом (гипотетических) примеров ‘деления’, когда один человек ‘расщепляется’ на две точные копии. Чтобы исключить такие примеры, многие философы (возможно, даже большинство) отвергают идею деления, апеллируя к некоторой версии условия ‘неразветвленности’. Я же, напротив, утверждаю, что есть веские моральные основания считать любое объяснение тождества личности, не допускающее деления, глубоко проблематичным, особенно в свете теоретизирования об уголовном наказании. Я рассматриваю и отвергаю известную теорию тождества личности Дэвида Льюиса, в основе которой есть тезис о ‘множественном занятии’, обеспечивающий возможность ветвления. Взамен, я предлагаю принять теорию тождества личности, которая, допуская ветвление, использует понятия тип/ токен для правильного описания таких головоломных примеров. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Prospective developments in computer and nanotechnology suggest that there is some possibility – perhaps as early as this century — that we will have the technological means to attempt to duplicate people. For example, it has been speculated that the psychology of individuals might be emulated on a computer platform to create a personality duplicate — an ‘upload’. Physical duplicates might be created by advanced nanobots tasked with creating molecule-for-molecule copies of individuals. Such possibilities are discussed in the philosophical literature as (putative) cases of ‘fission’: one person ‘splitting’ into two. Many philosophers, perhaps most, reject the idea of fission, appealing to some form of a ‘no-branching’ condition to rule out such possibilities. I argue, to the contrary, that there are good moral reasons to think that any account of personal identity that does not permit fission is deeply problematic, especially in connection with theorizing about criminal punishment. I discuss and reject David Lewis’ famous account of personal identity that invokes ‘multiple occupancy’ to allow for branching. In contrast, I offer an account of personal identity that permits branching using the type/token distinction to help with such puzzling cases. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тождество личности</kwd><kwd>Дэвид Льюис</kwd><kwd>нанотехнологии</kwd><kwd>ветвление и тождество</kwd><kwd>ретрибутивизм</kwd><kwd>сдерживание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>personal identity</kwd><kwd>David Lewis</kwd><kwd>nanotechnology</kwd><kwd>branching and identity</kwd><kwd>retributivism</kwd><kwd>deterrence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parfit D. Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. 560 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parfit D. Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. 560 p. 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